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Water Tank Coating Selection

Not long ago the hardest decision  for the water tank owner to make in coating or recoating his  water storage tank was the selection of the finish color. Both interior and exterior were prime coated with a red lead primer. The standard interior finish coatings were a phenolic or bitumastic. If a "long life" exotic system was desired, a "hot applied coal tar enamel" was used. If a short life, inexpensive system was desired, the interior was quickly coated with a "grease wax" coating. In fact, some of these coatings were applied while the painter floated in a raft as water was drained from the tank. The exterior was generally  topcoated with  two coats of a leafing alkyd aluminum.

That was yesterday. Today, coating selection for the water tank literally requires a specialist. Coatings must comply with environmental regulations and yield acceptable service life. There are so many requirements today that even we who specialize in this field must constantly keep updating our knowledge of the industry. This is normally done by attending refresher classes, seminars  participating in professional trade associations such as the Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC) and NACE International (NACE) and continually  upgrading our knowledge of OSHA, EPA , State and  Local governing agency requirements.

Some of the issues facing tank owners considering painting or repainting are:

            *Open air abrasive blasting.

            *VOC Compliant coatings

            *Existing Lead based coatings

            *OSHA Rules for workmen.

            *Hazardous material/waste handling and disposal.

            *Health Board approval of potable tank linings.

Many questions must be answered  before making the coating selection, among them are: :

            *Is the tank structurally sound?

            *What is the condition and type of existing coating?

            *Do the existing coating systems contain lead?

            *Can the existing coating be touched up?

            *Does the existing interior coating meet Health Board requirements?

            *What about environmental conditions? 

            *What are the environmental concerns?

The first question that must be answered before selecting a coating system is to determine if  the existing coating contains lead based paint and to determine what effect this lead based paint will have on the recoating process.

Prior to 1977 most  paint systems were based on red  lead primers. This one time work horse of the coating industry,  now classified as "hazardous material", creates one of the greatest problems in repainting structures.  If the interior coating of a potable water storage tank contains lead, the problem cannot be ignored.  This coating must be removed and the surfaces re-coated with a material that is approved for potable water use.  If exterior  coatings contain lead based paints, alternate solutions to complete removal may be available.  If complete removal is required, the lead must be contained, the workmen  protected, and removed paint and spent abrasive disposed of in an acceptable manner.

It is not surprising to see the cost of a re-paint job be more than the cost of a similar size new tank. A recent low bid to re-paint a 100,000 gallon, lead based, elevated water tank was $269,000.00. The current value of that tank, brand new today, would be about $175,000.00 complete with foundations and painted.  That owner decided to let that tank "rust" away.  In the last 15 years, the costs for a re-paint job have increased by as much as 80% for non lead based paints and can be as much as 700%  for lead based projects that may have hazardous waste removal. 

The cost to  field paint  new tanks has also increased significantly over the past 15 years. These costs have risen from about 5% of the total tank cost to more than 15%. 

What is a tank owner to do?

Select a competent, experienced engineering firm to perform the following:

A.  An evaluation to determine the structural condition of the tank and what repairs and renovations are necessary and their estimated cost.

B.  Tests of the existing coatings including:

      1. Adhesion tests.

      2. Thickness tests.

      3. Lead tests.

 C.   Prepare an engineering report that describes the present condition of the tank and it's coating. This report should address estimated costs for performing repairs and renovations and recoating costs. Options should be presented that outline a Value/Engineering approach to assist the owner in selecting a cost effective solution within available  budget constraints.

 D.  Prepare a comprehensive, detailed specification  that will yield a maximum benefit contract at a minimum cost.

 E.  Provide a competent  inspection program administered by trained professionals that will assure the project is achieved to the specification and will achieve the desired life expectancy.

The days of grabbing a bucket of primer and a pail of finish paint to start painting the city's water tank are over.  Today's coatings are sophisticated, designed materials that are designed to yield low maintenance long life cycles if properly applied.  The key to achieving the  manufacturers performance expectations is "proper application".  It is estimated that 85% of coating failure are attributable to improper application of the coating.

 
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Copyright © 2002 Tank Engineering And Management Consultants, Inc.
Last modified: June 19, 2007